Abstract:

Objectives. The presentation of case report of preoperative ultrasound and postoperative histological diagnostic of giant hydatid liver cyst. Material and methods. A 58-year-old female with a chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and a history of contact with pets was admitted to hospital. Preoperative sonography, blood profile including serological testing were conducted. Pathomorphological studying was carried out after surgical treatment. Results. Abdomen ultrasonography revealed giant cyst (size: 143 x 160 x 145 mm; volume: 1728 cm3) in the right liver lobe, with presence of peripheral “daughter” cysts, intracavital echogenic linear septa and sharply defined outer borders containing the features of calcification. Postoperative gross examination of resected tissues showed: well-defined round parasitic cyst up to 18 cm in diameter with smooth yellowy-brown wall surface. Wall thickness was 4 mm. Microscopically the cyst wall consisted of rough fibrous connective tissue with chronic nonspecific inflammatory features. Conclusions. Our case presentation confirmed an important and key role of ultrasonography and ancillary role of serological testing for preoperative diagnostic of giant liver hydatid disease with following histologic study of postoperative biomaterial.

Abstract:

Modern methods of surgical preparation for orthopedic treatment of patients with periodontal diseases need improvement. The problems of optimization of reparative osteogenesis, prevention of atrophy of the alveolar process which affects the quality of osseointegration, are considered separately. The aim of the study is to establish preimplantation morphological changes of the alveolar bone after surgery to increase the effectiveness of surgical preparation for orthopedic treatment of patients with periodontal disease by developing scientifically sound diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation measures. To find out the histological compliance of the alveolar bone with clinical and radiological parameters and to determine the general characteristics of the restored bone tissue, histological examination of the alveolar process biopsy was performed during dental implantation in 80 patients: in 20 cases – from areas where osteoplastic mixtures were not applied; in 60 cases – where osteoplastic mixtures were applied. The proposed surgical approaches to tooth extraction applying osteotropic material based on β-TCF with fibrin gel enriched with growth factors, the use of osteoplastic material based on β-TCF and myelocollagen transplant in patients with generalized periodontitis are quite effective in the prevention of postextractive and postoperative atrophy of alveolar processes, which is statistically proven during the evaluation of clinical, radiological, anthropometric, densitometric and morphological results of the study. The applied methods allowed to achieve a significant reduction in the loss of height, width and optical density of the alveolar process long time after treatment compared with the loss of these parameters in patients treated by traditional methods. 

Abstract:

Objectives. Improvement of surgical treatment of abdominal aortic diseases with concomitant horseshoe kidney. Material and methods. We present our experience of reconstructive abdominal aortic surgery associated with a horseshoe kidney. Three clinical observations with data of computed tomography angiography, intraoperative fotos were demonstrated with a discussion of different surgical techniques. Results. To date, due to the uniqueness of the pathology, reconstructive surgery of the abdominal aorta with concomitant horseshoe kidney in the literature is limited to small cohort studies or individual clinical cases, and the choice of treatment technique remains an active subject of discussion. Surgical methods of aortic reconstruction due to this rare anomaly determine the variety of operative strategies, from choosing surgical approach, crossing the renal isthmus, ligation or preservation additional renal arteries. Our clinical observations confirm the аdvаntаges оf оpеn surgіcаl tеchniquе, whіch nоt оnly prоvіdеd sufficiеnt еxpоsurе of the оpеrаting аrea, but also allowеd to pеrform оptimal reconstruction of the аbdоminаl аortа coexistent with a horseshoe kidney. Conclusions. Detailed preoperative diagnosis of renal anomalies determines the choice of optimal surgical strategy of abdominal aortic reconstruction. Open surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms and aorto-iliac occlusive diseases in combination with a horseshoe kidney is a safe and efficient method, which allows to provide satisfactory immediate and long-term results.

Abstract:

The article presents the results of the pathological examination of the coronavirus disease in a child who lived 5 hours after the birth. The results. There was found at the autopsy examination focal meningoencephalitis (bacteriological examination - St. Aureus, St. Epidermidis), focal productive ependymitis, atelectasis of the left lung, bilateral polysegmental hemorrhagic-bacterial pneumonia (PCR of sectioned material of lung tissue for RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 positive, bacteriological examination of the tissue of the trachea, bronchi, lungs - St. Epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae), necrotic erosive tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, infectious-toxic shock, DIC-syndrome with hemorrhages in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands, serous membranes, total hemorrhage in the left adrenal gland with the formation of a cystic cavity, fetal hepatitis with multiple foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis, interstitial nephritis with necrosis of the epithelium of the renal tubules, erosive-necrotic esophagogastroenteritis (bacteriological examination - Enterobacter cloacae), edema of the brain, lungs, dysplasia of the thymus with depletion of peripheral immune organs, parietal deciduitis. The detected changes in internal organs and tissues led to the development of multiple organ failure, which became the direct cause of the death of the newborn child. Conclusion. The data of multisystem morphological changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in a newborn child presented in the article allows to enrich the small number of reports on neonatal loss in the case of coronavirus disease-2019 and to increase the awareness of neonatologists and pathologists about the clinical and morphological features of the disease. Further research will help improve the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease in children.

Abstract:

Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in young men, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for effective management and prognosis. Traditionally, the diagnostic approach relies on scrotal ultrasound and serum tumor markers, which, while effective, have limitations in characterizing complex lesions and detecting small, non-palpable tumors or metastatic disease. Recent advancements in imaging technology have introduced multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) as a promising tool in the diagnostic armamentarium for testicular cancer. MpMRI combines multiple imaging sequences, including T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), providing detailed anatomical and functional information about testicular lesions. This systematic review consolidates and evaluates current evidence regarding the role of mpMRI in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of testicular cancer. Key findings from the literature suggest that mpMRI offers superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional imaging techniques, particularly in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. It is also highly effective in the precise localization and staging of tumors, including the detection of small lymph node metastases, which are often missed by ultrasound or CT. Furthermore, mpMRI demonstrates significant utility in post-treatment surveillance, allowing for early detection of recurrence, which is crucial for timely intervention and improving patient outcomes. The review underscores the importance of mpMRI as a non-invasive, highly informative imaging modality that could lead to more personalized and effective management of testicular cancer.